xb```c````e`` @v @s@( LTo18R(l1kUpaqHO(>HHblBU2f$,G.9|lL7. Directional boring offers significant environmental advantages over traditional cut and cover pipeline/utility installations. As the use of trenchless technology continues to grow in popularity and use, so too does the importance of using top-quality pipe material that meets the specific requirements of the particular technique being used. where the drilling proceeds from left to right. Certain users require weak links that fail before the pipe if overload occurs but this will result in a partly installed pipe with no means of completing the installation without major disruption, cost and delay. HDPE is a polyethylene thermoplastic made from petroleum. Mini-HDD applications, for instance, tend to contain bore paths with additional curvature because of the need to avoid known obstacles or follow a curved right-of-way, as well as more subtle curvature due to path corrections characteristic or typically less precisely controlled installations. This phenomenon is referred to as the capstan effect, as it is the principle of the capstan winch, as illustrated in. Horizontal Directional Drilling Plan - February 29, 2012 . With a magnetic guidance system (MGS), the tool reads inclination and azimuth. When designing components to fit the pipe ID, refer to pipe dimensions and tolerances in the applicable pipe manufacturing specification. Due to the magnitude and complexity of maxi-HDD equipment and control systems, a well-trained, experienced crew is essential to plan and execute the operation. 3.0 SCHEDULE . Horizontal drilling, one type of directional drilling, is a method that is used to install pipes, conduits and cables underground in a long shallow arc. endstream endobj 746 0 obj <>/Metadata 20 0 R/OCProperties<>/OCGs[758 0 R]>>/PageLabels 741 0 R/PageLayout/OneColumn/Pages 743 0 R/PieceInfo<>>>/StructTreeRoot 24 0 R/Type/Catalog>> endobj 747 0 obj <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]/Properties<>>>/Rotate 0/StructParents 0/Tabs/S/Type/Page>> endobj 748 0 obj <>stream The Conduit Design Calculator automates the Mini-HDD calculations described in PPI TR-46 Guidelines for Use of Mini-Horizontal Directional Drilling for Placement of High Density Polyethylene Pipe.. For the geometry shown in FIGURE 2, with relatively shallow entry and exit angles, the associated load amplification due to this effect is not major; although for more complex paths, the effect could be very important. This technique involves drilling a pilot bore, generally along a closely defined shallow arc, and then, if necessary, enlarging the bore using a reamer or hole opener to create a bore large enough to accept the new PE100 pipe, which is generally pulled in behind a reamer. In contrast, tooling intended to navigate soft soils may be limited to high carbon steel (milled to a desired shape and size). path, and other project variables, to determine the Calculated Tensile 0000018014 00000 n The Calculator uses input such as directional changes in the bore PIPE REAMING - TECHNIQUE 19), PR-277-144507-Z01 Installation of Pipelines by Horizontal Directional Drilling Engineering Design Guide (Arlington, VA: Pipeline Research Council Hn0EYZJ2^u6*u.!Z'3:f[@]p!1HvELiF|Uku mSYQ'IS`2"q ,`-*{|dcHgQcm=JpjW The pipe must be appropriately aligned with the bore and at an appropriate bending radius to avoid any risk of kinking. Drilling uids are designed to match the soil and cutter. Guidelines for Use of Mini-Horizontal Directional Drilling for Placement of HDPE (PE4710) Pipe in Municipal Applications. This method applies tension to the PE100 pipe during installation. F1962 Standard Guide for Use of Maxi-Horizontal Directional The HDPE pipe should not be cut prematurely. First, a small diameter pilot hole is drilled along a directional path from one surface point to another. For situations with burial depths or bore lengths beyond what the Co., LTD, lyondellBasell, PetroChina Dushanzi Petrochemical Company, Prime Polymer, SABIC, SCG & Thai Polyethylene, Sinopec, and Tasnee. This can be changed at any time via the Cookies link at the bottom of the page. The size, complexity and need for additional support equipment increases generally as the pipe diameter and length increase. startxref Horizontal directional drilling is often used where open cut installations are not feasible, such as road and river crossings. 12), Last edited on 12 December 2022, at 19:58, "Fant ny lsning som gir gravefri tilkobling av hus til hovedvannledning", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Directional_boring&oldid=1127080039, Walk-over locating system A sonde, or transmitter, behind the bore head registers angle, rotation, direction, and temperature data. 0000017340 00000 n Directional boring tooling includes the suite of drill bits or drill heads used during pilot hole operations, reamers and hole-openers used for hole enlargement, and swab tools which are used for hole conditioning and pullback. A bore diameter of 1.2 to 1.5 times the PE100 pipe OD is normally required. Because the operator of the drilling rig might not notice a momentarily excessive pulling force, a load link inserted between the swivel and the PE100 pipe to record pulling load can be used to record the maximum axial load exerted on the pipe. FIGURE 1. It was reissued in 2005 and 2011, and previously reinstated in 2020. These may include the need to file environmental, health and safety plans, or permits for passing beneath waterways, and there may be special requirements for drilling beneath railroads. For standardization of the techniques, different trenchless technology promoting organizations have developed guidelines for this technique. Smaller diameter PE100 pipe can be pulled in directly from a coil trailer via a straightener re-rounder. Pipes installed by HDD may increase in diameter, and therefore decrease in length, when pressurised, which will result in some axial tension. This is not a technique to which the lowest price wins the contract principle should be applied. Coiled products should be restrained before being released or cut. Typical Entry Site Layout. He can be reached at lslavin@ieee.org. The ASTM standard specifically addresses polyethylene (PE) pipe, a flexible product, for which the effects of any bending stiffness on drag forces at route bends or path curvature may be ignored. When drilling through harder ground formations and in rock a mud motor is used to drive the drilling bit independently of drill rod rotation. This material is significantly tougher than older, previously used PE products, facilitating successful completion of more complicated, difficult maxi-HDD projects. ((H`|JSgy>_)gk]f2%a!gS0qF&)0C@WF%`cJ!Q8x`1f'H#\oe5MaKR28(.n3Z1CUjGTC+o0kBJ0N t-A K:Xyd89EtL}vfAhdQ;>!E@y@}[hE_8 . ASTM International F1962, Standard Guide for Use of Maxi-Horizontal Directional Drilling for Placement of Polyethylene Pipe or Conduit Under Obstacles, Including River Crossings, provides recommended procedures for the placement of PE pipe using maxi-HDD. 0000029482 00000 n Pipeline design for installation by horizontal directional drilling -, Skonberg, Eric R., and Tennyson M. Muindi. This is achieved by pumping drilling fluid (mud) down the inside of the drill rods, which flushes the drilled material back out of the bore. It's flexibility, strength and fused joints as strong as the original pipe itself, make it ideal for HDD applications. Pipe entry point is at the opposite end of the drill rig location, which coincides with the pipe exit., shows the drilling operation proceeding from right to left, in contrast to. Discussion of ASTM F1962 or How are the Pulling Load Formulas Derived and How They Are Used?. Because of its high ductility and flexibility, and ability to be fused in continuous lengths, per the well-established ASTM standards and by experienced contractors, PE, particularly high-density polyethylene (HDPE), is the most commonly used pipe product for HDD projects. water tanks, spoil containers, etc.) The use requires that the operator have complete information about existing utilities so that they can plan the alignment to avoid damaging those utilities. The traversing pipeline can fully meet the design curve and deep buried, and the quality is safe and reliable. Lighter, stronger and cheaper to transport and install resulting in projects delivered on time and on budget; Joins seamlessly using heat fusion techniques resulting in less down time and less fittings and one continuous, permanent leak proof system; Lowimpact installation practices such as horizontal directional drilling and other trenchless operations result in minimized social disruption and reduced construction costs; Highly flexible and can withstand stress and as a result can conform to earth movements due to earthquakes and ground shifts without pipeline cracks or leaks; Impact and fatigue resistant resulting in increased life cycle performance and decreased tangible capital asset management costs over time; High performance resins, such a s PE 4710, make the pipe corrosion and chemical resistant resulting in pipes that last longer and perform better; Accepts repetitive pressure surges that significantly exceed the static pressure rating; Environmentally friendly and uses less energy to manufacture. Midi-HDD equipment may be used for crossing beneath rivers and roadways. The theoretical basis of the formulae for estimating the required pulling force is provided below. 0 The PE100+ Association promotion of quality relies on the principle of rigorous quality control done by external, independent test institutes. This is the basis of MAB-7 (2020), MAB Guidelines for Use of Mini-Horizontal Directional Drilling for Placement of HDPE (PE4710) Pipe in Municipal Applications, as referenced in the 2022 edition of ASTM F1962. This information is transmitted through the wire-line fitted within the drill string. The two major sources of possible damage to the new pipe are excessive pulling force exerted if the pipe seizes during pull-back as might occur if some of the bore collapses, and scoring by any hard or rock fragments in the bore. In many instances, smaller bores do not require the use of drilling fluid, only water, and in even less significant bores no fluids at all. 1.1 Pipe Approved materials for HDD include: medium-density polyethylene (MDPE), high-density polyethylene (HDPE), steel, fusible PVC, restrained joint PVC, and ductile iron pipe. HORIZONTAL DIRECTIONAL DRILLING PART 1 GENERAL 1.1 DESCRIPTION A. [citation needed], For longer more challenging crossings, tractor trailer mounted drills capable of 1,320,000 lbs (thrust/pullback force) and 150,000 ft-lbs (rotary force) may be used [600 tonnes- 204,000 N-M ]. This material is significantly tougher than older, previous polyethylene (PE) products, facilitating successful completion of more complicated, difficult maxi-HDD projects. Slavin, Larry and Scholl, Jeff (2014). These pipelines can not only provide a design life of 100 years, but also provide solutions to major industry challenges such as corrosion and high leakage rates. It is important to properly use the drilling fluid for the initial pilot bore and reaming operations, and to accurately locate and track the bore path. 0000000016 00000 n Whilst the rods are simultaneously rotated and pushed, the bore will, provided it is not deflected by some obstruction, proceed in a straight line, but if it is simply pushed without rotation it will deflect in the opposite direction to the slant face on the drilling head. as referenced in the 2022 edition of ASTM F1962. It's flexibility, strength and fused joints as strong as the original pipe itself, make it ideal for HDD applications. Safety is a primary concern, during any activity, including construction utilizing maxi-HDD equipment and procedures. Large "maxi" drilling rig. 745 0 obj <> endobj 0000018683 00000 n While the document provides useful information for evaluating the potential for collapse under lateral pressures, either during of following installation, the most widely used portion of ASTM F1962 are the formulae for estimating the pulling tensions corresponding to the leading end of the pipe reaching point A, B, C and D. These formulae account for the frictional drag acting on the pipe along the surface of the borehole, primarily due to the high buoyant weight of the HDPE pipe, within the relatively dense drilling fluid, especially for vacant pipe. International, Inc., 2015, pg. sufficient tensile strength to meet the required tensile forces, based Additional route bends, beyond those shown in FIGURE 2, as well as possible bends in the horizontal plane, should be avoided, and will increase the required pulling forces. The drilling fluid is typically a suspension of a bentonite clay and polymers. For direct comparison, two instrumented 200mm SDR-17 DIPS HDPE pipes were . Nonetheless, some mini-HDD installations may be considered to be relatively critical, or approach limits with respect to the capability of the available drill rig and/or the strength of the product pipe being installed. PART 1 GENERAL 1.1 DESCRIPTION Section includes requirements for Horizontal Directional Drilling (HDD) of High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Pressure Sewer pipe. ;0CKh6sKjrmlq9vwiJ%)m5]UWd Image Courtesy:Exova Utilities, Pipe coil trailer loaded with 100metres of 180mm PE pipe. These units are used in conjunction with a drilling fluid reclaimer, high volume pump or pumps, an excavator (or comparable equipment for managing drill pipe), along with an assortment of other ancillary equipment (e.g. (d |D$V{yX BVjLYGtQrrJrlD+i}^7o!wDC1zDYHBfrD;}Rm0mvRJvl~6t9{Yv8}lNs#fiu!N8*Vk1F57A"6DdU/{R-\'j*YJbrYE+YvsndY,zU*`47qKd0'Y^uZ The intermediate horizontal segment, L3, may be of zero length. The intermediate horizontal segment, L, , may be of zero length. It is used for crossing waterways, roadways, shore approaches, congested areas, environmentally sensitive areas, and areas where other methods are costlier or not possible. Typical Maxi-HDD Route (Obstacle or River Crossing) (Courtesy of Outside Plant Consulting Services, Inc.), FIGURE 5. Drilling for Placement of Polyethylene Pipe or Conduit Under Obstacles, D2dIFya Uncontrolled or unguided drilling can lead to substantial destruction, which can be eliminated by properly locating and guiding the drill head. Horizontal Directional Drilling or HDD, is a steerable trenchless method of installing underground pipe, conduit, or cable in a shallow arc along a prescribe. endstream endobj 749 0 obj <>stream 757 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<818473D849B370E99276959C150446C3><5862925C0F04774D9936C4C2CD7CF8D7>]/Index[745 21]/Info 744 0 R/Length 69/Prev 35703/Root 746 0 R/Size 766/Type/XRef/W[1 2 1]>>stream Pipeline Design for Installation by Horizontal Directional Drilling -. Drilling fluid may escape to the surface or other facilities unless carefully managed. Used in the oil industry to cross the river oil pipeline, Used in power system for the telecommunications cable conduit, Used in the construction of municipal drainage pipelines, Water and gas pipeline network transformation. Directional boring can be utilized to cross any number of surface obstacles including roadways, railroads, wetlands, and water bodies of varying sizes/depths. The ASTM International document provides overall guidelines, addressing preliminary site investigation, safety and environmental considerations, regulations and damage prevention, bore path layout and design, implementation, and inspection and site cleanup. Pipeline geo-environmental design and geohazard management. 380 0 obj <>stream This method is regularly used on distribution systems, which typically use small diameter mains, and on rural distribution systems it often enables mains to be installed alongside the carriageway without impeding traffic flow, as the drilling equipment is compact and self contained. If the calculation shows that the maximum permissible load may be exceeded then it may be necessary to increase the capacity of the PE100 pipe by increasing its thickness. The third stage places the product or casing pipe in the enlarged hole by way of the drill stem; it is pulled behind the reamer to allow centering of the pipe in the newly reamed path. ASTM F 1962 provides formulae for determining the buoyant weight under various conditions. Day Activities . 0000021965 00000 n <<32159D5C8C60A744B61AE13533FBF1FA>]>> ASTM F1962 contains 10 main chapters or sections, as briefly described below, supplemented by several appendices. HDPE water pressure pipes can be connected by a process called butt fusion, where the ends of the pipes are heated and joined together. The stiffness of the steel drill rods determines their allowable curvature, in order to avoid fatigue. was originally approved in 1999, following development within the ASTMs F17.67 Trenchless Technology Subcommittee. Polyethylene pipe is the pipe of choice for trenchless installations using directional drilling. Tensions induced in the PE pipe, as it passes any curve, become amplified because the tensile forces tend to pull the pipe against the curved surface. It was reissued in 2005 and 2011, and previously reinstated in 2020. CANTEX's CAN>LOC and CAN>GRIP systems offer many benefits over HDPE, which is the conduit most used for HDD applications. When new pipe is to be installed or it is not possible to rehabilitate a pipe, so that it needs to be replaced but is in a congested area of buried infrastructure so that conventional methods such as bursting cannot be used safely, then a new or replacement PE100 pipe can often be installed by horizontal directional drilling. It should first be allowed to reach mechanical and thermal equilibrium, to avoid shrink back onto the bore hole. Horizontal drilling or Utility Installation Directional Drilling, minimizes environmental impact and is often used when trenching or excavating is not a practical or viable option. H0+X u7A@>&F This is the basis of MAB-7 (2020), MAB Guidelines for Use of Mini-Horizontal Directional Drilling for Placement of HDPE (PE4710) Pipe in Municipal Applications, as referenced in the 2022 edition of ASTM F1962. [2], Directional boring/HDD is generally accomplished in three principal phases. ASTM F1962, Standard Guide for Use of Maxi-Horizontal Directional Drilling for Placement of Polyethylene Pipe or Conduit Under Obstacles, Including River Crossings, was originally approved in 1999, following development within the ASTMs F17.67 Trenchless Technology Subcommittee. The physical properties of the PE4710 material allow greater pulling forces and also provide greater resistance to collapse. For diameters greater than 180mm, the pipe should be made into a continuous string by butt fusion of straight lengths, and sufficient space must be available on site to make up and store the string ready for installation. Directional boring, also referred to as horizontal directional drilling (HDD), is a minimal impact trenchless method of installing underground utilities such as pipe, conduit, or cables in a relatively shallow arc or radius along a prescribed underground path using a surface-launched drilling rig. Horizontal directional drilling is used to connect underground pipes, wires, cables, and ducts with a trenchless underground drill technique that minimizes damage to infrastructure and environment. must be consistent with the steering capability of the maxi-HDD equipment, and the bending capability of the drill rods. HDD, also known as directional boring, was developed in the early 1960s and was first used by the oil and gas industry on large-diameter, cross-country pipeline transmission line installations. Alternate materials will require prior approval. Software tools are based on the ASTM F1962 document and model. TR-46, Guidelines for Use of Mini-Horizontal Directional Drilling for Placement of High Density Polyethylene Pipe, was therefore developed to serve as an inclusive document, providing practices for selection and placement of HDPE pipe using mini-HDD. Once the bore has been completed and reamed to the required diameter, the PE100 pipe is prepared for pull-back by attaching the end to a pulling head, swivel, reamer and drill rods at the drill exit point. hTYO0OG >rKR(PQ9Fg&% These two images show a small directional drilling rig being unloaded to install 100 metres of 100mm PE distribution main, and in place ready to start drilling. COPYING AND DISTRIBUTING ARE PROHIBITED WITHOUT PERMISSION OF THE PUBLISHER. Monitoring and contingency planning should be in place prior to and during drilling below or in the proximity of environmentally sensitive locations. Horizontal directional drilling is often used where open cut installations are not feasible, such as road and river crossings. HDPE Pipes and Fittings for Water and Gas, HDPE Pipes and Fittings for Drinking Water, Steel Wire Reinforced HDPE Composite Pipe, HDPE Pipes and Fittings for Natural Gas & Oil. Image Courtesy:Exova Utilities, Barrel Reamer.Image Courtesy:Exova Utilities, Mud recycling plant. It is used instead of other techniques to provide less traffic disruption, lower cost, deeper and/or longer installation, no access pit, shorter completion times, directional capabilities, and environmental safety. Since uncontrolled drilling can lead to damage, different agencies/government authorities owning the urban right-of-way or the utilities have rules for safe work execution. 0000009915 00000 n The planned bore path, such as illustrated in. Where cables and other utilities are identified in close proximity to the proposed alignment they should be exposed so that progress of the drilling can be monitored and stopped if required. 0000019826 00000 n Drilling mud is used to cool the cutter and transmitter electronics, to flush excavated soil from the borehole and to lubricate the borehole. For the larger diameters typically used for such applications, PE pipe is supplied in discrete segments that are fused together in the field, with essentially no loss in tensile strength, facilitating the pulling operation. It is also important to identify areas of poor or difficult ground, such as gravel and cobbles, which could allow the drilling mud to escape or create bore instability unless an appropriately engineered drilling mud can be used. Furthermore, any construction procedure must address basic safety rules, avoid damage to existing facilities, adhere to applicable government regulations, and consider environmental issues. The benefits of using HDPE for this applications are: Pipefusion provides polyethylene pipe, on-site fusion services, molded and fabricated fittings and custom fabrication to Directional Drilling contractors across Canada. Noise and air pollution are also kept to a minimum and rehabilitation time is short. This information is encoded into an electromagnetic signal and transmitted through the ground to the surface in a walk-over system. Although the TR-46 guidelines are primarily intended for mini-HDD operations, depending on the particular project, the information may also be applicable to a midi-HDD installation. For larger diameters, and in rock, the drilled material must be removed from the bored hole as drilling and reaming progresses. It can be used on land, sea, urban areas and rivers. The plastics pipe industry is a strategic industry, where hardware needs to be reliable for extended periods of time. The procedure is straightforward and has been incorporated into various software tools, as an engineering and design aid for such projects. Complete Tooling Line ( All Types of Bits, Subs, Housings) Drill Rod Drilling Muds & Fluids Mule Tape Couplers Darts HDPE Pipe PVC Pipe & Fittings PVC Glue 0 It is important that, if the pipe to which the new pipe is being connected has spigot and socket joints, which will have little end load resistance, means must be provided to absorb the axial tension. At the surface a receiver (usually a hand-held. It is the only system that has the capability of verifying the location. 349 0 obj <> endobj As the drill string is withdrawn to the drilling rig, the back-reamer enlarges the borehole and the pipe string is pulled into the hole. HDD Analyser performs the pipeline stress analysis and HDD design calculation in compliance with the International Codes and Standards. The MGS, even without the use of the wire grid, has been accurate to over 2km with an accuracy of 2% at depth. At diameters up to and including 180mm the new pipe can be supplied as a coil, and this will be loaded into and dispensed from a coil trailer, positioned adjacent to or over the entry excavation. 1.2 QUALITY ASSURANCE A. hb```b``d`a`` @p!y Depending on the location and extent of the operation, a variety of permits or approvals may be required, possibly from federal, state or local jurisdictions. The image above shows a straightener re-rounder being used on a 180mm pipe, and whilst it is in the trench here, it can be attached to the coil trailer if so desired. The Conduit Design Calculator is a software tool that aids in determining the most appropriate wall thickness of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) conduit installed via horizontal directional drilling (HDD) techniques. Relevant material properties for PE pipe, such as safe pulling tension/stress, are also provided in the document. According to industry standards, quality plastic pipe should endure in excess of 100 years without failure. For such cases, the buoyant weight of the submerged pipe, in combination with the corresponding frictional characteristics, is the major factor in determining the required pull force. Lengths well in excess of 1000m can be installed with this technique, though depending upon the diameter required the limiting factor may be the axial load capacity of the PE100 pipe for pull-back into the bore. xref %%EOF Such results could be further refined by competent engineering expertise, including analysis of pipe and soil characteristics and interaction, often including the use of relatively sophisticated software tools, possibly based on the ASTM F1962 methodology. The pipe must be securely gripped, including a swivel and possible breakaway link. Drilling fluid holds the cuttings in suspension to prevent them from clogging the bore. Thus, guidelines for the use of midi-HDD machines and associated practices, including pipe selection methodology, may be obtained from the TR-46 document and/or ASTM F 1962, depending upon the judgment of the contractor or engineer. The primary focus is on commonly used high-density polyethylene (HDPE) pipe with a material designation code of PE4710. Orlandos Richard Howard brought global view, acclaim to innovative public works program, Utility and communications: Construction Update, RehabZone continues to educate infrastructure industry, Underground Infrastructure Conference moves to OKC in 2024, Technical guide to variations of close-fit liners for mainline pipe, Cloud platform gives communities control over their revenue management destiny, ICE KING Launches new service to help with workforce hydration needs, Hyundai Offers Wheel Loader Guarding Package, Improved Compact Excavator. In the absence of anti-buoyancy techniques, such as internal water ballast, the frictional drag developed within the borehole is generally much greater than that developed outside, because of the high buoyant weight for an empty PE pipe. Directional drilling is the drilling of non vertical wells.
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