WebIn McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents, supra, the Court, in requiring that a Negro admitted to a white graduate school be treated like all other students, again resorted to intangible considerations: ". External Relations: Moira Delaney Hannah Nelson Caroline Presnell Hoping to earn a doctorate in education, he applied for admission to graduate study at Oklahoma's all WebMCLAURIN v. OKLAHOMA STATE REGENTS, 339 U.S. 637 (1950) Reset A A Font size: Print United States Supreme Court McLAURIN v. OKLAHOMA STATE REGENTS The Act secured the right to vote for minorities in the South. Argued April 3-4, 1950. The University admitted McLaurin but provided him separate facilities, including a special table in the cafeteria, a designated desk in the library, a desk just outside the classroom doorway, and sometimes even made him eat at different times than the other students. We hold that under these circumstances the Fourteenth Amendment precludes differences in treatment by the state based upon race. This page was last edited on 18 March 2023, at 15:55. Copyright to all of these materials is protected under United States and International law. The judgment below is reversed, p. 642. 0000001037 00000 n 87 F. Supp. Shelley v. Kraemer, 1948, 334 U.S. 1, 13-14, 68 S.Ct. 640-641. The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that it was unconstitutional under the equal protection clause of the 14th Amendment to segregate McLaurin from his peers. [3], McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents established that the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment prohibited states from treating students differently on the basis of race. However, McLaurin appealed and his case went to the U.S. Supreme Court. On the assumption, however, that the State would follow the constitutional mandate, the court refused to grant the injunction, retaining jurisdiction of the cause with full power to issue any necessary and proper orders to secure McLaurin the equal protection of the laws. WebOther articles where Sweatt v. Painter is discussed: Brown v. Board of Education: Decision: the Supreme Courts rulings in Sweatt v. Painter (1950) and McLaurin v. Oklahoma His case set a precedent through which may laws regarding segregation were struck down. 528; 1949 U.S. Create your account. No. For some time, the section of the classroom in which appellant sat was surrounded by a rail on which there was a sign stating, Reserved For Colored, but these have been removed. Those who will come under his guidance and influence must be directly affected by the education he receives. Pp. McLaurin filed an injunction in federal court with the argument that the University of Oklahoma had denied him his rights under the Fourteenth Amendment. McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents (1950) was a case regarding higher education that was decided by the United States Supreme Court saying that colleges and universities could not segregate students under the Fourteenth Amendment. MR. CHIEF JUSTICE VINSON delivered the opinion of the Court. (1950) 455, 456, 457. 0000001774 00000 n George W. McLaurin(2012.201.B0391.0687, Oklahoma Publishing Company Photography Collection, OHS). McLaurin returned to the U.S. District court and petitioned to require the University of Oklahoma to remove the separate facilities allowing him to interact with the other students fully (87 F. Supp. The Supreme Court noted that the special treatment McLaurin received because of his race set him apart from the other students. McLaurin opened the door through which other landmark cases that abolished segregation could enter. 836, 842, 92 L.Ed. 29hQbwy3Lp The school authorities were required to exclude him by the Oklahoma statutes, 70 Okla. Stat. . WebMcLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents for Higher Education et al. Such reasoning, though common in courts up to that time, was about to lose all legitimacy. Those who will come under his guidance and influence must be directly affected by the education he receives. He may wait in line in the cafeteria and there stand and talk with his fellow students, but while he eats he must remain apart. 208 (1938);, Full title:McLAURIN v . WebCanada, 305 U.S. 337 (1938), and Sipuel v. Board of Regents, 332 U.S. 631 (1948), a statutory three-judge District Court held that the State had a Constitutional duty to Can a state treat a student differently from other students solely because of race? Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. In the interval between the decision of the court below and the hearing in this Court, the treatment afforded appellant was altered. (1941) 455, 456, 457, which made it a misdemeanor to maintain or operate, teach or attend a school at which both whites and Negroes are enrolled or taught. In the interval between the decision of the court below and the hearing in this Court, the treatment afforded appellant was altered. To remove these conditions, appellant filed a motion to modify the order and judgment of the District Court. Oklahoma. State-imposed restrictions which produce such inequalities cannot be sustained. Dist.) Out of this came the "separate but equal" policies of the post-Reconstruction South. Those who will come under his guidance and influence must be directly affected by the education he receives. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). 0000003722 00000 n At school, he was made to sit at separate tables in his classes, the library, and the cafeteria. See Sweatt v. Painter, ante, p. 629. Such restrictions impaired and inhibited his ability to study, to engage in discussions, exchange views with other students, and, in general, to learn his profession. basing his argument on the Fourteenth Amendment. McLaurin (plaintiff) was a Black citizen of Oklahoma. Possessing a Masters Degree, he applied for admission to the University of Oklahoma in order to pursue studies and courses leading to a Doctorate in Education. Appellant was thereupon admitted to the University of Oklahoma Graduate School. p\!Y.Ebt9/ z ^tGG"w N8f,SYU*Vn/ McLaurin uses the same classroom, library and cafeteria as students of other races; there is no indication that the seats to which he is assigned in these rooms have any disadvantage [339 U.S. 637, 641] of location. [1] The unanimous decision was delivered on the same day as another case involving similar issues, Sweatt v. Painter. It may be argued that appellant will be in no better position when these restrictions are removed, for he may still be set apart by his fellow students. The Supreme Court made this decision unanimously in 1950. Download: About this Item Title U.S. Reports: McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents, While McLaurin argued that the University of Oklahoma was violating the equal protection clause under the 14th Amendment, the university argued that they were not violating McLaurin's rights. Peer interaction is a vital element in obtaining a good education, and McLaurin was being deprived of that right through segregation. Ann. McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents helped to abolish this policy, specifically in colleges and universities. (b) That appellant may still be set apart by his fellow students and may be in no better position when these restrictions are removed is irrelevant, for there is a constitutional difference between restrictions imposed by the State which prohibit the intellectual commingling of students and the refusal of students to commingle where the State presents no such bar. 528. Our society grows increasingly complex, and our need for trained leaders increases correspondingly. Citing our decisions in Missouri ex rel. Appellant filed a complaint requesting injunctive relief, alleging that the action of the school authorities and the statutes upon which their action was based were unconstitutional and deprived him [339 U.S. 637, 639] of the equal protection of the laws. 208, and Sipuel v. Board of Regents, 1948, 332 U.S. 631, 68 S.Ct. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. In that ruling, the Supreme Court ruled that it was constitutional to segregate people, as long as each group received equal protection under the law. Pp. McLaurin decided to file a suit under the assertion that the conditions under which he was required to receive his education deprived him of his personal right to the equal protection of the laws; and the Fourteenth Amendment eliminates racially biased treatment by the State (638-642). McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents for Higher Education, 339 U.S. 637. 87 F.Supp. McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents, an important case leading up to the U.S. Supreme Court's 1954 decision in Brown v. Board of Education, struck down the Oklahoma statute that mandated Decided June 5, 1950. Mr. Fred Hansen, Oklahoma City, Okl., for appellees. However, the facilities and services used by African Americans were not equal to those of white Americans. The decision in this case was made in conjunction with Sweatt v. Painter and later influenced the decision in Brown v. Board of Education.[1]. This would set a precedent for future legal issues about segregation, including the landmark case Brown v. Board of Education a few years later. Following this decision, the Oklahoma legislature amended these statutes to permit the admission of Negroes to institutions of higher learning attended by white students, in cases where such institutions offered courses not available in the Negro schools. Chief Justice Fred Vinson, writing for the court, held that the differential treatment given to McLaurin was itself a violation of the Fourteenth Amendment's equal protection clause: "Such restrictions impair and inhibit his ability to study, to engage in discussions and exchange views with other students, and, in general, to learn his profession." [ Footnote 1 ] The amendment adds the following proviso to each of the sections relating to mixed schools: Provided, that the provisions of this Section shall not apply to programs of instruction leading to a particular degree given at State owned or operated colleges or institutions of higher education of this State established for and/or used by the white race, where such programs of instruction leading to a particular degree are not given at colleges or institutions of higher education of this State established for and/or used by the colored race; provided further, that said programs of instruction leading to a particular degree shall be given at such colleges or institutions of higher education upon a segregated basis. 70 Okla. Stat. (1950) 455, 456, 457. Argued April 3-4, 1950. Decided June 5, 1950. The litigation in McLaurin began to take shape when George W. McLaurin, an African American student with a masters degree, applied for admission to the University of Oklahoma in pursuit of a doctorate in education but was denied entry solely because of his race. 0000067006 00000 n WebMcLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents is a case that was decided on June 5, 1950, by the United States Supreme Court holding that a state cannot treat a student differently on the basis of race. Their own education and development will necessarily suffer to the extent that his training is unequal to that of his classmates. The Civil Rights Movement Begins Age 12 The civil rights movement was a movement to enforce constitutional and legal rights for African Americans that the other Americans enjoyed. ODDEsDLf%aZ:!}]z'zb;B.MVe'}p`ZXH],VKy(x4~WPr$/~!8snJs^tdL5@0q.EtL vHe]}q|M-8-(%Ys1rC"sm,v9gs:th~ }rr^b+ENtNPt!\>\* \j s (zPxGJULk[ `C%^Tr In McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents, 339 U.S. 637, 70 S.Ct. Individual users must determine if their use of the Materials falls under United States copyright law's "Fair Use" guidelines and does not infringe on the proprietary rights of the Oklahoma Historical Society as the legal copyright holder of The Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and part or in whole. Even though the university could no longer deny McLaurin a place in school, it tried to segregate him on campus. (2012.201.B0391.0687, Oklahoma Publishing Company Photography Collection, OHS). All Rights Reserved. Sturdivant v. Blue Valley Unified Sch. 232, 83 L.Ed. Following this decision, the Oklahoma legislature amended these statutes to permit the admission of Negroes to institutions of higher learning attended by white students, in cases where such institutions offered courses not available in the Negro schools. Oklahoma had recently passed laws that made it illegal for black and white students to integrate or for black teachers to teach white students and vice versa. Klarman elaborates on the social, political, and economic factors that shaped the judicial rulings on this case, as well as the many ways in which the final Appellants case represents, perhaps, the epitome of that need, for he is attempting to obtain an advanced degree in education, to become, by definition, a leader and trainer of others. The plaintiff, George W. McLaurin, who already had a master's degree in education, was first denied admission to the University of Oklahoma to pursue a Doctorate in Education degree. MR. CHIEF JUSTICE VINSON delivered the opinion of the Court. Board of Regents v. New Left Education Project, Hart v. Community School Board of Brooklyn, Berry v. School Dist. Contractors of America v. Jacksonville, Parents Involved in Community Schools v. Seattle School District No. . P. 339 U. S. 642. 526. That court held that such treatment did not violate the provisions of the Fourteenth Amendment and denied the motion. if(document.getElementsByClassName("reference").length==0) if(document.getElementById('Footnotes')!==null) document.getElementById('Footnotes').parentNode.style.display = 'none'; Communications: Alison Graves Carley Allensworth Abigail Campbell Sarah Groat Erica Shumaker Caitlin Vanden Boom 1149], the Court, in requiring that a Negro admitted to a white graduate school be treated like all other students, again resorted to intangible considerations: his ability to study, to engage in discussions and exchange views with other students, and, in general, to learn his profession. To unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member. WebG.W. The Supreme Court also held that officials at the University of Oklahoma had violated the plaintiffs right to equal protection of the laws by denying him an education that was equal to that of his peers. Public facilities like bathrooms and water fountains were segregated. Fred Hansen, First Assistant Attorney General of Oklahoma, argued the cause for appellees. In McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents, (339 U.S. 637, 70 S.Ct. No part of this site may be construed as in the public domain. This we think irrelevant. 0000062723 00000 n McLAURIN v. OKLAHOMA STATE REGENTS FOR HIGHER EDUCATION et al. The case concerned a Black student who was treated differently than white students after being admitted to the graduate school at the University of Oklahoma. All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. U.S. Supreme CourtMcLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents, 339 U.S. 637 (1950), McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents for Higher Education. Chief Justice Frederick Vinson delivered the opinion of the court. Gaines v. Canada, 305 U.S. 337 (1938), and Sipuel v. Board of Regents, 332 U.S. 631 (1948), a statutory three-judge District Court held that the State had a Constitutional duty to provide him with the education he sought as soon as it provided that education for applicants of any other group. P. 641. Appellant is a Negro citizen of Oklahoma. Pursuant to a requirement of state law that the instruction of Negroes in institutions of higher education be upon a segregated basis, however, he was assigned to a seat in the classroom in a row specified for Negro students, was assigned to a special table in the library, and, although permitted to eat in the cafeteria at the same time as other students, was assigned to a special table there. Santa Clara County v. Southern Pacific Railroad Co. Harper v. Virginia State Board of Elections, San Antonio Independent School District v. Rodriguez, Massachusetts Board of Retirement v. Murgia, New York City Transit Authority v. Beazer. (1950) Henderson v. United States Et. With him on the brief was Mac Q. Williamson, Attorney General. Appellant, a Negro citizen of Oklahoma possessing a master's degree, was admitted to the Graduate School of the state supported University of Oklahoma as a candidate for a doctorate in education and was permitted to use the same classroom, library and cafeteria as white students. Appellant's case represents, perhaps, the epitome of that need, for he is attempting to obtain an advanced degree in education, to become, by definition, a leader and trainer of others. African American History: Research Guides & Websites, Global African History: Research Guides & Websites, African American Scientists and Technicians of the Manhattan Project, Envoys, Diplomatic Ministers, & Ambassadors, Foundation, Organization, and Corporate Supporters. It is said that the separations imposed by the State in this case are in form merely nominal. WebCanada, 305 U.S. 337 ; Sipuel v. Oklahoma, 332 U.S. 631 ; Sweatt v. Painter, 339 U.S. 629 ; McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents, 339 U.S. 637 . At that time, his application was denied, solely because of his race.
Is Robert Lipton Still Alive,
Handy Pantry Ronkonkoma Catering Menu,
Hydraulic Clutch Conversion Kit Motorcycle,
Articles M