High-speed rail in China. [219] China is also competing with Japan, Germany, South Korea, Spain, France and Italy to bid for California's high-speed rail line project, which would connect San Francisco and Los Angeles. To date, China owns the largest HSR system in the world, with a total operating high-speed rail network of 40,000 kilometers in 2021. The refusal of the Transrapid Consortium to share technology and source production in China made large-scale maglev production much more costly than high-speed train technology for conventional lines. [39] The MOR delayed the decision, broadened the bidding and adopted a diversified approach to adopting foreign high-speed train technology. Construction first started on this 1,318 km-line in 2008, and it opened for commercial service in 2011. [100] To stimulate ridership, on August 16, 2011 ticket prices on high-speed trains were reduced by five percent. "[18] EMU train sets have no more than 16railcars with axle load not greater than 17tonnes and service interval of not less than threeminutes. We are happy to help. [132] The proposed completion date for the network is 2030. There have been numerous attempts to extend the line without success. Former senior UN officer praises Chinese high-speed railway The HSR network includes new mixed passenger-freight lines with a design speed of 200250km/h (120160mph). [90][91] This fatal accident, which happened in the midst of corruption investigations into railway officials, led to greater scrutiny in the Chinese press and the populace concerning the HSR[63][64][92][93] and on the railway company. In June 2004, the MOR solicited bids to make 200 high-speed train sets that can run 200km/h (124mph). Train speeds have increased from a maximum of 200 km per hour to 350 km per hour - the fastest in the world. China's high-speed rail network appears to be following this trend. [12][13] However, a Paulson Institute research had estimated that the net benefit of the high-speed rail to the Chinese economy to be approximately $378 billion and an annual return on investment at 6.5%. [60] Zhang was estimated to have misappropriated to his personal overseas accounts the equivalent of $2.8 billion. [178] The terms of the loans range from 510 years at interest rates of 6.3 to 6.8 percent. Rail Vehicle Market Restraints, Segments and Regional - MarketWatch A planned launch of the maglev train was set for 2025. Over the past decade, the country has added over 35,000 kilometers to its high-speed rail (HSR) network, with the total length that far exceeds the rest of the world combined. Work on the, Facilitates cross-city economic integration and promotes the growth of. The centerpiece of China's expansion into high-speed rail is a national high-speed rail grid consisting of mainly passenger dedicated lines that is overlaid onto the existing railway network. Length of express railways in China 2008-2021. A Shanghai-Hangzhou maglev line was also initially discussed but later shelved in favour of conventional high-speed rail. For foreign train-makers, technology transfer is an important part of gaining market access in China. [178] To break even, the line must deliver 30 million rides annually. Manufacturers of electric locomotives - based on market share 2013-2017, Market share of high-speed rail construction in China 2020, by leading player, Beijing-Shanghai High Speed Railway net profit 2017-2021, Public expenditure on transport infrastructure in China 2012-2022, Facebook: quarterly number of MAU (monthly active users) worldwide 2008-2022, Quarterly smartphone market share worldwide by vendor 2009-2022, Number of apps available in leading app stores Q3 2022. High-speed trains on HSR Corridors can generally reach 300350km/h (190220mph). [210] China currently holds many new patents related to the internal components of these trains, re-designed in China to allow the trains to run at higher speeds than the foreign designs allowed. (Chinese), provincial-level administrative divisions, electrical multiple unit (EMU) train sets, Campaign to raise the speed of railway travel in China, conventional high-speed rail line was built between Shanghai and Hangzhou, Sifang Locomotive and Rolling Stock Co (CSR Sifang), high-speed railway between Beijing and Shanghai, List of high-speed railway lines in China Four Vertical and Four Horizontal" network, WuhanGuangzhou high-speed railway (Wuguang PDL), GuangzhouShenzhenHong Kong high-speed railway, List of high-speed railway lines in China, GuangzhouShenzhenHong Kong Express Rail Link, upgraded in the sixth round of the "Speed-up Campaign", California's high-speed rail line project, "Length of Beijing-HK rail network same as Equator", "New high-speed trains on drawing board- China.org.cn", "Full speed ahead for China's high-speed rail network in 2019", "China builds the world's longest high-speed rail as a rail stalls in the U.S.", "China's fast track to high-speed rail exports", "China-Tibet bullet trains to commence operations before July", "China sets railway building spree in high-speed motion", "World's Longest Fast Train Line Opens in China", "China to step up testing on fastest-ever maglev train", "China's High-Speed Rail, the world's longest high-speed railway network, is now losing $24 million per day with a reported debt of $1.8 trillion", "China Railway's debt nears $900bn under expansion push", "Is this the end of the line for China's rapid railway investment? "[16][17], High-speed rail in China is officially defined as "newly-built passenger-dedicated rail lines designed for electrical multiple unit (EMU) train sets traveling at not less than 250km/h (155mph) (including lines with reserved capacity for upgrade to the 250km/h (155mph) standard) on which initial service operate at not less than 200km/h (124mph). High-speed rail is also becoming relatively more affordable as fares have remained stable while worker wages have grown sharply over the same period. [210][211][212][213], In October 2016 China's CRRC announced that it was beginning research and development on a 600km/h (373mph) Maglev train and would build a 5km (3.1mi) test track. The line has a capacity of delivering 100million rides annually[180] and initial estimated repayment period of 16 years. [121][122], In response to a slowing economy, central planners approved a slew of new lines including Shangqiu-Hefei-Hangzhou,[123] Zhengzhou-Wanzhou,[124] Lianyungang-Zhenjiang,[125] Linyi-Qufu,[126] Harbin-Mudanjiang,[127] Yinchuan-Xi'an,[123] Datong-Zhangjiakou,[123] and intercity lines in Zhejiang[128] and Jiangxi. As of March 2011, no major quality defects had been found in the system. The protests gathered over a million signatures and politicized the issue. [51] In all, the state planned to spend $300billion to build a 25,000km (16,000mi) HSR network by 2020.[52][53]. Use Ask Statista Research Service, Public Transportation & Mobility Services, Fastest trains in the world by record speed 2022, Length of highspeed railway lines in use worldwide in 2021, by country, Passenger transport volume of highspeed railways in China 2008-2021, Revenue of the China Railway Group (CREC) 2011-2021, To download this statistic in XLS format you need a Statista Account, To download this statistic in PNG format you need a Statista Account, To download this statistic in PDF format you need a Statista Account. In the first three quarters of 2012, the line lost 1.87 billion. Many users want proof that high-speed rail can be a profitable, efficient job generator to help raise the sagging U.S. economy when compared with other types of transportation. As of 2021, the operation length of the high-speed rail (HSR) in China amounted to around . [1][2][3] The HSR network encompasses newly built rail lines with a design speed of 200350km/h (120220mph). In 2012, the average occupancy rate of high-speed rails in China was 57%. Six lines have started to make operating profits (ie, not counting construction costs), with the Beijing-Shanghai link the world's most profitable bullet train, pulling in 6.6bn yuan last year.. China's Experience with High Speed Rail Offers Lessons for Other Countries [76][77][78] The accident occurred when one train traveling near Wenzhou was struck by lightning, lost power and stalled. [137] On the other hand, however, public concerns about the high-speed rail development have been raised from various perspectives. Statista. [159] CRIC has also raised some capital through equity offerings; in the spring of 2010, CRIC sold a 4.5 percent stake in the BeijingShanghai high-speed railway to the Bank of China for 6.6billion and a 4.5 percent stake to the public for 6billion. [110] Premier Wen Jiabao visited train manufacturers and gave a vote of confidence in the industry. The 4+4 national HSR grid was largely completed by the end of 2015 and now serves as the backbone of China's HSR network. [106][147] The MOR, through its financing arm, the China Rail Investment Corp (CRIC), issued an estimated 1trillion (US$150billion in 2010 dollars) in debt to finance HSR construction from 2006 to 2010,[158] including 310billion in the first 10 months of 2010. Accessed May 01, 2023. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1218788/china-profitability-of-high-sped-railway-by-route/, Bloomberg. Now, two-thirds of the world's high-speed rail is in China and passengers take 3.7 billion rides every year, more than half of that number on high-speed trains. Even the more modest plan to extend the maglev to Shanghai's other airport, Hongqiao, has stalled. He set up what became known as the "high-speed rail dream" after his visit to Japan in 1978, where he was deeply impressed by the Shinkansen, the world's first high speed rail system. PDF EXPRESS FREIGHT TRANSPORTATION BY HIGH-SPEED RAIL: THE CASE OF CHINA Ge Two-direction departures at five-minute intervals, but can be as short as 1 minute. [130] The BeijingShanghai is particularly profitable reporting a 6.6 billion yuan net profit. [221], In January 2014, the China Railway Construction Corporation completed a 30km (19mi) section of the Ankara-Istanbul high-speed railway between Eskiehir and nn in western Turkey.[222]. On mixed-use HSR lines, passenger train service can attain peak speeds of 200250km/h (120160mph). [37] The Japanese government touted the 40-year track record of the Shinkansen and offered favorable financing. Those sections will carry a mix of passenger and freight. "Number of High-speed Railways in China as of August in 2019, by Profit Status and Speed. By Global Times Published: Jun 22, 2021 10:38 PM. The Beijing Shanghai route has been always full and making big money even during the pandemic. The ideal entry-level account for individual users. Higher-speed express train service allowed more trains to share the tracks and improved rail transport capacity. Is high-speed rail travel on a track to nowhere? - BBC News Some of the Hexie Hao train sets are manufactured locally through technology transfer, a key requirement for China. [OC] 24 hours of high-speed trains in China - Reddit Conservative scholars and officials are worried about the profitability of high-speed railway construction. [188] The impact of high-speed rail on air travel is most acute for intercity trips under 500km (310mi). An investigation of 23 railway construction companies in August 2011 revealed that 70% of existing projects had been slowed or halted mainly due to shortage of funding. While maglev was drawing attention to Shanghai, conventional track HSR technology was being tested on the newly completed Qinhuangdao-Shenyang Passenger Railway. Read how federal. China's flagship high-speed rail project in Indonesia is expected to become profitable 40 years after completion - not 20 as earlier projected - partly because plans to shift the capital to . This ambitious national grid project was planned to be built by 2020, but the government's stimulus has expedited time-tables considerably for many of the lines. [14] The report also found that the highest benefit high-speed rail hubs were the ones going through densely populated corridors such as Shanghai, Hangzhou, Beijing, Wuhan and Guangzhou, while the lowest benefit ones were remote locations such as Kunming, Nanning and rmqi.[14]. [188] Flights on routes over 1,500km (930mi) are generally unaffected. Observer Research Foundation | ORF Currently, the HSR extends to all provincial-level administrative divisions and Hong Kong SAR,[note 1][note 2] with the exception of Macau SAR. By 2010, the truck system as a whole is predominantly Chinese. The introduction of more non-stop service between large cities also helped to reduce travel time. [55][72] HSR provides fast, reliable and comfortable means of transporting large numbers of travelers in a densely populated country over long distances,[147][148] which: One major concern of the high-speed rail network is the high amount of debt incurred. Top speed of 220 mph with some routes running as high as 250 mph. [180] If the rail-backed loans cannot be fully repaid, they may be refinanced or the banks may seize ownership of the railways. [102] In late October and November 2011, the MOR raised RMB 250 billion in fresh financing and construction resumed on several lines including the Tianjin-Baoding, Xiamen-Shenzhen and Shanghai-Kunming. [141][142] In 2016, Chinese railways carried almost 2 trillion ton-kilometers of freight and over 1 billion passenger-kilometer of passengers, making it one of the world's most intensively used freight and passenger railway networks in the world. The trains G403/404 and G405/406 for the Beijing West (Beijingxi) - Kunming South (Kunmingnan) service (distance 2,760km (1,710mi), travel time about 10 1/2 hours), which began service on January 1, 2017, became the longest high-speed rail service in the world. In China, high-speed rail service is competitive with road and air transport for distances of up to about 1200 km. Several sections of the national grid, especially along the southeast coastal corridor, were built to link cities that had no previous rail connections. [106] As of October 2011, the MOR was reportedly concentrating remaining resources on fewer high-speed rail lines and shifting emphasis to more economically viable coal transporting heavy rail. [185], In 2013 fares for China's high-speed rail service costs significantly less than similar systems in other developed countries, for comparison high speed rail tickets in France or Germany cost slightly over US$0.10 per kilometer and the various Shinkansen services hover above US$0.20 per kilometer. In 2018, annual ridership on EMU train sets, which encompasses officially defined high-speed rail service as well as certain sub-high-speed service routes, accounted for about two-thirds of all regional rail trips (not including urban trains) in China. Some 4,715 kilometres (2,930mi) of new high-speed railways would be opened, and by the end of 2011, China would have 13,073 kilometres (8,123mi) of railways capable of carrying trains at speeds of at least 200km/h (124mph). to incorporate the statistic into your presentation at any time. [63][64], In April 2011, the new Minister of Railways Sheng Guangzu said that due to corruption, safety may have been compromised on some construction projects and completion dates may have to be pushed back. [22] At the time, the BeijingShanghai Railway was already at capacity, and the proposal was jointly studied by the Science & Technology Commission, State Planning Commission, State Economic & Trade Commission, and the MOR. Statista assumes no How China's high-speed rail network got built so fast | CNN What did the delicate girl do for the first time in the high-speed rail? [209] Nevertheless, by any measure, high-speed rail ridership in China has grown rapidly with expansion of the high-speed rail network and EMU service since 2008. The "fastest" train commercial service can be defined alternatively by a train's top speed or average trip speed. [54] The envisioned network, together with upgraded existing lines, would total 12,000km (7,456mi) in length. [112][113] China's 1,580 high-speed trains were transporting 1.33 million passengers daily, about 25.7% of the overall passenger traffic. [101] From July to September, high-speed rail ridership in China fell by nearly 30 million to 151 million trips. In the same year, the Ministry of Science and the MOR agreed to a joint action plan for the indigenous innovation of high-speed trains in China. 'Rejuvenation') that based on indigenous technologies. [129], By 2015, six high speed rail lines, BeijingTianjin, ShanghaiNanjing, BeijingShanghai, ShanghaiHangzhou, NanjingHangzhou and GuangzhouShenzhenHong Kong report operational profitability. ZhengzhouXi'an high-speed railway is estimated to run 59 trains in 2010 and 125 trains in 2018, yet in 2016 there are merely around 30 trains on operation, causing a 1.4 billion loss. Total investment in new rail lines grew from $14billion in 2004 to $22.7 and $26.2billion in 2006 and 2007. The signalling, track and support structures, control software, and station design are developed domestically with foreign elements as well. [73] Foreign manufacturers involved in Shanghai-Beijing high-speed link reported that their contracts call for maximum operational speed of 300km/h (186mph). By the mid-1990s, average train speed in China was about 60km/h (37mph). [120] High-speed passenger rail service expanded to 28 provinces and regions. The high-speed rail (HSR) network in the People's Republic of China (PRC) is the world's longest and most extensively used with a total length of 42,000 kilometres (26,000mi) by the end of 2022. On mixed-use HSR lines, passenger train service can attain peak speeds of 200250km/h (120160mph). Some 295 stations have been built or renovated to allow high-speed trains.[31][32]. [110] Over the course of the year, the MOR's budget rose from $64.3 billion to $96.5 billion. [182], The MOR faces a debt-repayment peak in 2014. The fastest commercial train service measured by peak operational speed is the, The fastest commercial train service measured by average train speed is the CRH express service on the, The fastest timetabled start-to-stop runs between a station pair in the world are trains G17/G39 on the, The top speed attained by a non-maglev train in China is 487.3km/h (302.8mph) by a, This page was last edited on 1 May 2023, at 05:10. [158] To prevent that eventuality, the MOR is trying to improve management of its rapidly growing HSR holdings. [54] Most of the lines follow the routes of existing trunk lines and are designated for passenger traffic only. [51] In response to the global economic recession, the government accelerated the pace of HSR expansion to stimulate economic growth. EMU trains operating on non-high speed track or otherwise but at speeds below 200km/h (124mph) are not considered high-speed rail. Tentative services began operation in 2003,[7] while the China Railway High-speed (CRH) was introduced in April 2007 and the Beijing-Tianjin intercity rail, which opened in August 2008, was the first passenger dedicated HSR line. [4], China Railway High-speed (CRH) () is the major high-speed rail service provided by state-owned railway manufacturing and construction corporation China Railway. [42] They are known as CRH2A. [60] Sheng announced that all trains in the high-speed rail network would operate at a maximum speed of 300km/h (186mph) beginning on July 1, 2011. In May 2011, China's Environmental Protection Ministry ordered the halting of construction and operation of two high-speed lines that failed to pass environmental impact tests. China's railway diplomacy hits the buffers | Financial Times [102] New projects were put on hold and completion dates for existing projects, including the Tianjin-Baoding, Harbin-Jiamusi, Zhengzhou-Xuzhou and Hainan Ring (West), were pushed back. Intercity railways are designed to provide regional high-speed rail service between large cities and metropolitan areas that are generally within the same province. Supporters argued that high-speed rail would boost future economic growth. In 2018, China Railway operated 3,970.5 pairs of passenger train service, of which 2,775 pairs were carried by EMU train sets. In common parlance, high-speed train service in China generally refers to G-, D- and C-class passenger train service. [184] According to the World Bank, a stable long term planning and standardization of technology and design used in the high-speed rail helps to reduce financial and operational cost. [94][95] A commission was formed to investigate the accident with a directive to report its findings in September 2011. [citation needed]. [187][53], The spread of high-speed rail has forced domestic airlines in China to slash airfare and cancel regional flights. From nobody to somebody: China's high-speed rail in numbers [188] By the spring of 2011, commercial airline service had been completely halted on previously popular routes such as WuhanNanjing, WuhanNanchang, XianZhengzhou and ChengduChongqing. The nation seeks to increase its high-speed rail network to 50,000 kilometers by 2025. The GuiyangGuangzhou high-speed railway and LanzhouXinjiang high-speed railway (where fares do not cover electricity costs) are both suffering from high maintenance cost due to harsh climate conditions and complicated terrain structure. Bombardier transfers advanced and mature technology to China, which we do not treat as an experimental market.[44] Unlike other series which have imported prototypes, all CRH1 trains have been assembled at Bombardier's joint-venture with CSR, Bombardier Sifang in Qingdao. [9] HSR lines with design speeds at 200250km/h (120160mph) are more common than higher speed lines. The most important key figures provide you with a compact summary of the topic of "High-speed rail in China" and take you straight to the corresponding statistics. [110] Five new lines totaling 2,563km (1,593mi) in length entered operation between June 30 and December 31, including the Beijing-Wuhan section of the Beijing-Guangzhou line. Trains on the Beijing-Tianjin high-speed line and a few other inter-city lines remained at 350km/h (217mph). In Europe that figure is $25m-$39m per kilometre, while in California, the only US state currently planning a high-speed line, it's more like $56m/km.
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