Comparable to the present-day Himalayas in size, the Grenville Mountains may have been the largest mountain range ever created on Earth. Canada Maps & Facts - World Atlas Canadian Shield, one of the world's largest geologic continental shields, centred on Hudson Bay and extending for 8 million square km (3 million square miles) over eastern, central, and northwestern Canada from the Great Lakes to the Canadian Arctic and into Greenland, with small extensions into northern Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan, and New This is because the Canadian Shield has unusually large areas of relatively exposed rock from the Archean eon, roughly 2.5 to 4 billion years ago. Adding TravelTime as Impedance in ArcGIS Network Analyst? The resulting surface consists of rocky, ice-smoothed hills with an average relief of 30 metres (100 feet), together with irregular basins, which are mostly filled by lakes or swamps. This massive geographic feature, which some believe was formed by an asteroid collision, significantly impacts the surrounding climate. Canadian Shield . Overcast. The climate of Canada The best time to visit Canada The worst time to visit Canada Weather hazards Weather in January Weather in February Weather in March Weather in April Weather in May Weather in June Weather in July Weather in August Weather in September Weather in October Weather in November Weather in December Most visited locations The western portion of the Eastern Canadian Shield Taiga ecoregion is composed of the Larch Plateau and the Richmond Hills, with elevations ranging from 150 m near the coast of James Bay to 450 m further east. ISBN links support NWE through referral fees, https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/p/index.php?title=Canadian_Shield&oldid=678554, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. 4 How many hours of Daylight does the Canadian Shield have? Other birds include boreal owls , great horned owls, blue jays and white-throated sparrows, while mammals include caribou, deer, wolves, lynx, moose, black bears and beavers . Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. canadian shield climate graph Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. First Nations-Clothing An Animal Hide 22. The Canadian Shield constitutes the largest mass of . Who wrote the music and lyrics for Kinky Boots? This area lies between the western border of the Shield and the Canadian Rockies. In places the old mountain ranges may be recognized by hills several hundreds of metres in height. In the northern parts, the climate is very cold. Canada is home to 28% of the worlds boreal forests, with 75% of Canadian forests part of the global boreal forest ring. Canadas first diamond mine called Ekati opened there in 1998. Canadian Shield (Plain-Language Summary) The Canadian Shield region has short, dry. Given its size, it stretches across the provinces and territories of Nunavut, Ontario, Saskatchewan, Quebec, Labrador, and the Northwest Territories, average temperatures within the Shield vary greatly. Although these mountains are now heavily eroded, many large mountains still exist in Canada's far north called the Arctic Cordillera. Two main climate types are found in this region. Soil quality, climate and economic competition are three reasons there is so little farming in the Canadian Shield. During this glaciation, the Shield was covered by the Laurentide Ice Sheet, a giant expanse of ice as much as 3 km thick. In the United States, the Canadian Shield includes the Adirondack Mountains of northern New York, the northernmost part of Lower Michigan and all of Upper Michigan, northern Wisconsin, and northeastern Minnesota. At 5 million km2, the Shield makes up roughly 50 per cent of Canadas land mass. ClimateData.ca provides high-resolution climate data to help decision makers build a more resilient Canada. The Canadian shield is covered by a thin layer of soil and forms the nucleus of the North American cratonan old and stable part of the continental crust that has survived the merging and splitting of continents and supercontinents for over 500 million years. New to climate data? Forests are less dense in the north, and tundra prevails in the more northern regions. What is the annual precipitation in Canada? (Weather station: Resolute, Canada). In the northernmost part, a city such as Yellowknife, Northwest Territories, will experience a dry, cold climate most of the year. This results in very hot summers and very cold winters. Sudbury is an exception to the normal process of forming minerals in the Shield since the Sudbury Basin is an ancient meteorite impact crater. It covers 8,000,000 square kilometers. What using emissions scenarios can look like in practice. Climate: Toronto. Climate Graph, Temperature Graph, Climate Table. Because a large portion of the worlds boreal zone lies in Canada (28% or 552 million hectares), this countrys boreal forest affects the health of the environment worldwide. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Its name combines two ideas. It was split into Greenland, Laurasia, Scotland, Siberia, East Antarctica and is now roughly situated in the Arctic around the current North Pole. Common coniferous trees include white and black spruce; jack, red, white and eastern white pine; balsam fir; tamarack; eastern hemlock; and eastern red cedar. [9] The Shield was originally an area of very large, very tall mountains (about 12,000m or 39,000ft)[10] with much volcanic activity, but the area was eroded to nearly its current topographic appearance of relatively low relief over 500 million years ago. Running nearly 1,000 miles down the Pacific coast from the Yukon to the Fraser valley, this jagged chain features steep slopes, glaciers, and jutting fjords as long as 120 miles. Composed almost entirely of volcanic rock, often exposed to the elements or with a thin layer of topsoil, the Canadian Shield is one of the most defining geographic features of Canada. Due to its numerous rivers, the Canadian Shield region produces a significant amount of hydroelectricity. How tall are the mountains in the Canadian Shield? The Canadian shield is centered on Hudson's Bay over eastern, central, and northwestern Canada. During the Pleistocene Epoch (2.6 million to 11,700 years ago), the vast continental glaciers that covered northern North America had this region as a centre. The growing season is only about 60 days and in the winter the sunlight hours are about 5.5 hours while in the summer 18.5 hours. Native Canadians, called First Nations people . Explanation: Humans can be found living in virtually all types of terrestrial biomes. The Shield can be thought of as a jigsaw puzzle of different crustal blocks, sometimes known as provinces, welded together over time. Few trees grow here, and farming is not practical. Located just below the tundra region, these young forests are in constant renewal due to the natural occurrence of forest fire and insect infestation. The annual temperature range is 23C and Vancouver's annual precipitation is 1167mm. Wolves, black and grizzly bears and the lynx are the larger predators. The Canadian prairies generally receive about 12 to 15 inches of annual precipitation in the semi-arid areas, while the continental regions receive a bit more, averaging 16 to 20 inches a year. The Canadian Shield only came into terminological being in the 1880s. Learn about emissions scenarios to consider a range of possible futures and minimize risk. The boreal ecozone principally spans 8 countries: Canada, China, Finland, Japan, Norway, Russia, Sweden and the United States. Light rain. Not only does Canada have the longest coastline in the world, its also the only country to border three oceans: the Arctic, Atlantic, and the Pacific. Located in the middle of the continent and stretching east to west for 750 miles, these five water bodies comprise the greatest amount of fresh surface water in the world. The resulting climate is ideal for coniferous red wood forests, where some of the worlds oldest trees are still thriving today. Myth: Logging causes deforestation. Some of the regions natural resources include timber, such as maple, birch, aspen, fir and spruce; water from rivers and lakes created by long-retreated glaciers; and minerals, such as titanium, uranium, copper, iron, nickel, gold, zinc, silver, platinum and diamonds. Lakes are largely the result of glacial erosion during the last ice age. The first modern hard-rock mine in the Canadian Shield, near Madoc, Ontario, opened in 1866 after gold was found there. Distinct for its mix of coniferous and deciduous trees, high latitude location, and ability to grow in sub zero temperatures 6 to 8 months per year, boreal forests cover vast expanses in Canada, Alaska, and Russia. [13] Much of the granitic rock belongs to the distinctive tonalitetrondhjemitegranodiorite family of rocks, which are characteristic of Archean continental crust. * Each location provided here corresponds to a point location in Canada. [8] The multitude of rivers and lakes in the region is classical example of a deranged drainage system, caused by the watersheds of the area being disturbed by glaciation and the effect of post-glacial rebound. Moving north into the tundra, wildlife, like vegetation, becomes increasingly sparse. Occurring about 1 billion years ago, the Grenville Orogeny created the Grenville Mountain Range, stretching from Qubec through Ontario and down the eastern side of the continent to Texas. Fond-du-Lac, Canada - Climate & Monthly weather forecast Clothing allows us to stay comfortable in areas with cooler temperatures. sweet potato sushi roll calories. In the southern parts, the climate is seasonal; the average temperature in the winter is -. Similarly, the Shield also contains major uranium deposits, found around Great Bear Lake in the Northwest Territories, in northern Saskatchewan, and at Elliot Lake, Ontario. The Canadian Shield is dominated by the boreal forest ecosystem. Canada Population 2023 (Live) The current surface expression of the Shield is one of very thin soil lying on top of the bedrock, with many bare outcrops. Learn about the three main sources of uncertainty in climate projections. Forest-land - land spanning more than 0.5 hectares where the tree canopy covers more than 10% of the total land area and the trees can grow to a height of more than 5 metres. Peterson Field Guide to Geology of Eastern North America by Roberts, David & Roger Tory Peterson. Smaller predators include the coyote, red and arctic fox, muskrat, wolverine, weasel, mink, marten, otter, and least weasel. Canadian Ecozones - Boreal Shield [14] Many of Canada's major ore deposits are associated with greenstone belts. While the bare rock, thin soils, muskeg and insects of the Shield made living there difficult, the development of resource-based industries, such as mining and forestry, promoted increased settlement. It also includes in Canada the central/northern portions of Manitoba away from Hudson Bay and the Great Plains, northern Saskatchewan, and a small portion of northeastern Alberta, as well as the mainland northern Canadian territories to the east of a line extended north from the Saskatchewan/Alberta border (Northwest Territories and Nunavut) (HCF, 2007). The Canadian Shield, a northern region constituting almost half of Canada, has a cold, dry climate characterized by Arctic winds, heavy snowfall during the winter, cool, short summers in the north and warm summers in the south. The high pressures and temperatures at those depths provided ideal conditions for mineralization. What is the climate in northern Canadian Shield? This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/place/Canadian-Shield, The Canadian Encyclopedia - Canadian Shield, Canadian Shield - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). The region gets around 18 inches of rain each year. Cool summer temperatures can actually produce higher photosynthetic efficiency in plants than can warmer conditions. Eastern Canadian Shield Taiga | One Earth Climate in the tundra regions is too cold for trees to grow, summers are cool and short, and the region is dry. Canadian Shield | Definition, Location, Map, Landforms, & Facts Tundra 2. The origin of life traces to the Archean, with prokaryote fossils known from 3.5 billion years ago. Some of the ancient mountain ranges can still be recognized as a ridge or belt of hills, but the present appearance of the physical landscape of the Canadian Shield is not so much a result of the folding and faulting and compression of the rocks millions of years ago as it is the work of ice in relatively recent geologic time. It is covered with relatively thin layers of soil, gravel, etc. What Are The Features Of A Polar Climate? Learn about four types of historical data: historical weather station data, adjusted and homogenized data, gridded historical data, and modelled historical data. At 5 million km2, the Shield makes up roughly 50 per cent of Canadas land mass. These are the main differences through the Canadian Shield. Typical Canadian Shield: pines, lakes, bogs, and rock. Climate Canada: Weather by Month for Canada The Churchill and Grenville provinces contain deposits of uranium, lead and zinc. . Recently scientists determined the geographical elements of the Rockies impact climate as far away as Norway. Climate. Meanwhile on the West Coast, the warm and humid ocean currents of the Pacific collide with the coastal mountain range, resulting in orographic, or mountain-caused, rainfall that can exceed 100 inches from the autumn through to the spring. Ont., which is 7 miles from Ottawa. Canada Country Profile - National Geographic Kids The region has numerous pine forests and sand dunes, the perfect habitat for unique plant life. Typical Canadian Shield: pines, lakes, bogs, and rock. [11][12] Erosion has exposed the roots of the mountains, which take the form of greenstone belts in which belts of volcanic rock that have been altered by metamorphism are surrounded by granitic rock. Unique geographic features and formations can significantly impact the climate in an area. This is a vast, deeply dissected mountain range, stretching from northernmost Ellesmere Island to the northernmost tip of Labrador. The rock, or crust, is also known as the North American Craton. Find out which ones could be most relevant to you.
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