Straight baselines can be considered in the case of economic interest peculiar to the region concerned if there is demonstrated long usage by the State drawing the baseline.16, River mouths are where rivers empty into the ocean. An error occurred trying to load this video. Territoriality, on the other hand, refers to the control or ownership of a defined area of land or water. In many cases, political power is closely tied to territoriality, as the control of territory often confers economic, military, and symbolic advantages. What is Contempt of Court? A fragmented state is a state that __________. It consists of the Jutland Peninsula and several islands in the Baltic Sea, referred to as the Danish Archipelago. Territoriality Example Question #171 : Ap Human Geography Which of these descriptions most accurately describes an exclave? Many wars have been started by landlocked countries seeking to carve a path to the ocean through another country's territory. Text on this page is printable and can be used according to our Terms of Service. The practical effect of straight baselines is that they push a States maritime borders outward. Chain Migration Overview & Examples | What is Chain Migration? Save. lessons in math, English, science, history, and more. States may also establish a contiguous zone from the outer edge of the territorial seas to a maximum of 24 nautical miles from the baseline. 166 lessons The law of the sea: Conflicts still arise even when strong laws are in place - one recent law of the sea example is conflict in the South China Sea. Choose one of the following three options to assist in the process of learning the vocabulary: 1. Do colleges care about AP Human Geography? Boundary disputes between private landowners: Boundary disputes can also occur between private landowners, particularly in cases where the location of property lines is unclear or in dispute. Plus, get practice tests, quizzes, and personalized coaching to help you / 56.000N 10.000E / 56.000; 10.000. . Disputes may involve issues such as money, property, rights, or values, and they may involve conflicting interests or viewpoints. A perforated state is a state that __________. When and where did nations join together to divide up Africa? In this zone, a coastal State has the exclusive right to exploit or conserve any resources found within the water, on the sea floor, or under the sea floors subsoil. (available at: US Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Coastal states also have sovereign rights to what's known as an exclusive economic zone, a 200-nautical-mile area extending from their coastline that allows these states special rights and privileges over other nations to natural resources, research, and environmental protection. In general, a bay is a large indentation in a shoreline. In human societies, territoriality is often tied to ideas of ownership, sovereignty, and jurisdiction, and it is often used as a means of establishing and maintaining power and control. The dispute over the Gulf of Sidra illustrates the challenges posed by bays and straight baselines. Territorial dispute. In addition to land, territory includes adjacent waters and associated airspace. It stretches a long way in one direction (either north-south or east-west) and a very short way in the other direction. The geographic term for a country that is completely surrounded by the territory of more than one other country and has no direct access to the sea is landlocked. Being landlocked is generally considered to be a major disadvantage for a country because that countrymust rely on another country for any goods that are transported by sea. This meant that other nations' fleets could come near another nation's coasts, take resources such as fish, and dump their waste into that same area. For instance, under the law, the international community is allowed use of navigational features such as straits or canals, such as the relatively narrow Bosporus strait controlled by Turkey. Navigable waters at the boundary of a state or nation that are held to be within the jurisdiction of that nation or state, especially those ocean. Jurisdiction as provided for in international law with regard to the establishment and use of artificial islands, installations, and structures; marine scientific research; and the protection and preservation of the marine environment. An autonomous region is a region that has a high degree of self-governance and is able to make decisions on matters of local concern without interference from the central government. Boundary disputes between indigenous groups: In some cases, boundary disputes may involve conflicting claims to land or territory by indigenous groups. Possible Answers: None of these answers is correct. Gerrymandering History, Types & Examples | What is Gerrymandering? The audio, illustrations, photos, and videos are credited beneath the media asset, except for promotional images, which generally link to another page that contains the media credit. The Law of the Sea provides rules for the use of the oceans by nations regarding topics such as how marine resources need to be managed and conserved. Here are a few examples of different types of boundary disputes: Territorial disputes: Territorial disputes involve conflicting claims to specific pieces of land or territory. . The Territorial Sea includes 12 miles of complete sovereignty away from the coast. There are some theories that aim to explain this. In order to expand, China seized one of the island chains called the Paracels from Vietnam in 1974. In more recent times, China has built artificial islands in the area to help further its claims to large areas of sea. This zone extends beyond and adjacent to the seaward boundary of the 12-nautical-mile (14-mile) territorial sea of the United States. Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) - a sea zone over which a state has special rights over the exploration and use of marine resources stretching 200 nautical miles from the coast. Geography. Due to the maritime features discussed later in this chapter, the U.S. has the largest EEZ in the world, totaling 3.4 million square nautical miles. Ap Human Geography: Political Geography Vocabulary Answers - Flashcards Get access to high-quality and unique 50 000 college essay examples and more than 100 000 flashcards and test answers from around the world! Boundary disputes have been a source of conflict and tension in many parts of the world and have contributed to the outbreak of wars and other violent conflicts. Irredentism is a political movement or ideology that seeks to reclaim and incorporate into a country territory that is seen as historically or culturally linked to that country, but which is currently controlled by another state. Its area extends to 200 nautical miles from its coastline to the external maritime territories. These rights need to be balanced with the freedom of navigation and access to resources outside State control the freedom of the seas. When a line of latitude or longitude is used to delineate the political barrier between two states we call that boundary a geometric boundary. One famous example of a geometric boundary is the 49th parallel between the United States of America and Canada. Territoriality is more complicated than just maps. Ocean Interfaces & Human Impacts. succeed. Start your free trial today and get unlimited access to America's largest dictionary, with: Territorial sea. Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/territorial%20sea. Geography of Denmark. Medford, MA 02155 USA Despite its criticisms, Ratzel's work remains an important part of the study of geopolitics and has had a lasting impact on the field of geography. 43 according to the U.S. State Department. The United Nations created the law of the sea to avoid conflict over the ocean by establishing laws that cover traditions and treaties. Non-Discrimination | Learn how the Law of the Sea works and see Law of the Sea examples. 12 nautical mile (13.8 mile) of territorial water. Reefs are formations of coral, roughly shaped like mountains, which run just below the surface of the water. All rights reserved. Source: Transport Geography These rights extend not only on the surface but also to the seabed and subsoil, as well as vertically to airspace. This new doctrine specified who could pass through their waters. It is easy to see why, depending on the type of feature. An internal boundary is a line or border that divides one area or entity into two or more smaller areas or entities. However, the nation (or nations) controlling the strait regulates the way passages are made. He later worked as a teacher, researcher, and politician, and he became one of the leading figures in the field of geography in the UK during the early 20th century. The intention was to define each country and its control over the ocean specifically. That's why the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea was adopted in the late 20th century. A country that is completely surrounded by the territory of other countries and has no access to the sea is said to be __________. Its like a teacher waved a magic wand and did the work for me. The rights of coastal States to regulate and exploit areas of the ocean under their jurisdiction are one the foundations of the LOSC. The EEZs size derives from the large coastlines on the Atlantic Ocean, the Gulf of Mexico, the western continental U.S., Alaska, Hawaii and many small outlying Pacific islands. . To save this word, you'll need to log in. Just as you wouldn't want your backyard looted and polluted, neither did coastal countries around the world. The continental shelf is a natural seaward extension of a land boundary. Students cultivate their understanding of human geography through data and geographic analyses as they explore topics like patterns and spatial organization, human impacts and interactions with their environment, and spatial processes and societal changes. These movements can lead to disputes over borders, and in some cases, to military conflict or other forms of violence. It does not give a coastal State the right to prohibit or limit freedom of navigation or overflight, subject to very limited exceptions. Here are some bullet points that summarize key elements of the Heartland Theory: Nicholas Spykman (1893-1943) was an American diplomat and strategic thinker who is best known for his contributions to the development of the discipline of geopolitics and for his theory of the "Rimland," which proposes that the control of the coastal regions surrounding the "heartland" (the interior of the Eurasian landmass) is the key to global dominance. National Geographic Headquarters 1145 17th Street NW Washington, DC 20036. Contact Us Subscribe to America's largest dictionary and get thousands more definitions and advanced searchad free! http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/nauticalmile_knot.html. A boundary between two states that is created in an area that is currently not populated is called a(n) ___________. Spykman was born in Amsterdam, Netherlands, and immigrated to the United States as a child. She has a bachelor of science degree in environmental management from Columbia Southern University and a master of science degree in coastal and marine environments from the University of Ireland, Galway. Types of political boundaries include relic, superimposed, subsequent, antecedent, geometric, and consequent boundaries. States have the same sovereign jurisdiction over internal waters as they do over other territory. The EEZ is a maritime zone established by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) that extends 200 nautical miles (370 kilometers) from the baseline of a coastal state. The UNCLOS also establishes a framework for the management of marine resources, including provisions on the rights of states to explore and exploit the resources of the seabed, the rights of states to fish in the high seas, and the rights of states to protect the marine environment. jusinskij_54591. I feel like its a lifeline. If no button appears, you cannot download or save the media. Legal status of the territorial . If the entrance is more than 24 miles wide, a State can only draw a straight baseline 24 miles across the bay in a way that maximizes the area of internal waters. Disputes can arise in a variety of contexts, such as in personal relationships, in business or commercial transactions, or in the context of public policy or international relations. Mackinder believed that this region was central to interaction between Europe and Asia and to the rest of the world. Boundaries can be established for a variety of reasons, such as to protect property or resources, to mark the limits of a political entity, or to distinguish one area from another. Governments and other political actors may seek to defend their territory in order to protect their power and autonomy, and they may use their control of territory as a means of projecting their power and influence beyond their borders. The Spratly Islands have been claimed, fought over, and continue to be disputed by numerous countries, such as the Philippines, Taiwan, China, Malaysia, and Vietnam. However, it isn't practical in today's world as it would allow many nations around the world to exploit each other's' vital resources and deposit waste not far off another nations' coast. Although it is easy to determine how baselines can be drawn from large areas of continental coastline, such as in Florida or California, there are other maritime features that can affect how zones are drawn. Ocean Pollution Causes, Effects & Prevention | What is Ocean Pollution? Due to the vulnerability of the surrounded state, it is often vital for that state to maintain good relations with the perforated state that surrounds them. Since the ratification of the LOSC, there has been limited activity in relation to these provisions.13. These include: To accommodate deeply indented coastline and fringes of islands along the coast, the LOSC allows for use of straight baselines.14 These baselines, drawn between features and coastline to created straight lines, allow States to create fixed points to deal with the wild distance variances caused by such features. Site Info, NOAA Ocean Exploration The low-water line is derived from the coastal States own charts.1. Mackinder's theory has been influential in shaping the foreign policies of various countries and has been used to justify territorial expansion and military intervention in the heartland region. This hasn't stopped conflict from occurring, however, as most recently exemplified by the land and water claims in the South China Sea by China, Vietnam, and other nations. Mackinder argued that the dominant power in the heartland would be able to project its influence over the rest of the world, including the surrounding "world islands" (Africa, Australia, and the Americas) and the "outer crescent" (the coastal regions of Europe and Asia). Unlike other zones whose existence derived from earlier international law, the EEZ was a creation of the LOSC. Which of these is an example of a prorupted state? Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) extends no more than 200 nautical miles from the territorial sea baseline and is adjacent to the 12 nautical mile territorial sea of the U.S., including the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, Guam, American Samoa, the U.S. Virgin Islands, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, and any other territory or The term high sea means two things: 1) No state can legally impose its rule on any part of the water and 2) Every part of the sea outside a territorial boundary is a high sea. According to Ratzel, a nation's territory is like an organism that must grow and expand in order to survive and thrive. territorial sea noun : the part of territorial waters subject to the jurisdiction of a coastal state usually extending from mean low water mark on the shore or from the seaward limit of a bay or mouth of a river a marine league or 3 geographical miles outward to the open sea compare inland water Love words? Broadly speaking, for purposes of international law, a territory is a geographical area subject to the sovereignty, control, or jurisdiction of a state or other entity. According to Halford Mackinders Heartland Theory, a government that controls this region is likely to eventually dominate much of the world. The establishment of high seas was instituted by the Convention on the High Seas in 1958 and includes 63 signatories. Even small islands, such as the Spratly Islands, which total 1.5 square miles in size, can project hundreds of square nautical miles of exclusive economic control over the South China Sea. It can be helpful to think of the prefixes "ex-" and "en-" when considering the meaning of exclave and enclave. The prefix "ex-" means, Spanish Courses & Classes in Dallas Fort Worth. A dispute is a disagreement or difference of opinion between two or more parties. This method allows States to draw its boundary 60 miles from the foot of the shelfs slope.8 This expanded continental shelf cannot, however, exceed (i) 350 miles from the baseline or (ii) 100 miles from the 2,500-meter isobath.9. Map created by NOAAs National Centers for Environmental Information. pl.n. These zones give coastal States different jurisdictional rights. Accessed July 06, 2017. This caused nations like the U.S., Argentina, and others to lay claim to far greater territories of water off of their coastline and challenge the Freedom of the Seas doctrine by doing so. The dispute has arisen from competing claims over island chains in the region by nations such as China, Vietnam, and the Philippines, among others. The Law of the Sea means each coastal nation has territorial sovereignty over 12 miles of water off their coast and maintains exclusive economic rights over 200 miles of water off their coast.. Although not a signatory of LOSC, The U.S. established an EEZ by Presidential Proclamation in 1983. If a media asset is downloadable, a download button appears in the corner of the media viewer. Territorial Sea = 12 miles of sovereignty away from coast Voting Boundaries in the US Districts set up based on population data from the census But lots has been done to mess with these boundaries in order to benefit different political parties gerrymandering = changing voting boundaries based on race, voting patterns, class, etc It has also been criticized for its deterministic and Eurocentric approach, which fails to account for the complexity and diversity of world politics.
territorial seas ap human geography
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